What technique is used to separate blood components?

Centrifugation is the correct technique for separating blood components due to its ability to utilize centrifugal force to separate different materials based on their density. When blood is subjected to centrifugation, it spins rapidly, causing the denser components such as red blood cells to settle at the bottom of the container, while the less dense components, like plasma, remain on top. This separation process is crucial for various laboratory tests and procedures, such as blood typing, component transfusion, and laboratory analysis of blood samples.

The other techniques listed, while useful in their own contexts, are not appropriate for this specific application. Filtration is typically used to separate solids from liquids but is not effective in the context of blood components due to the complexity and viscosity of blood. Distillation is a method that separates liquids based on differences in boiling points and is not applicable to biological samples like blood. Electrophoresis is a technique that separates macromolecules, such as DNA or proteins, based on their size and charge but is not used for separating whole blood components in a manner akin to centrifugation.